Nomenclature
Chapter Name : Haloalkanes And Haloarenes |
Sub Topic Code : 102_12_10_02_01 |
Topic Name : Nomenclature |
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Sub Topic Name : Nomenclature |
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Introduction
1.The common names of alkyl halides are derived by naming the alkyl group followed by the halide. 2. Alkyl halides are named as halo-substituted hydrocarbons in the IUPAC system of nomenclature. 3. Haloarenes are the common as well as IUPAC names of aryl halides. 4.For dihalogen derivatives, the prefixes o-, m-, p- are used in common system but in IUPAC system, the numerals 1,2; 1,3 and 1,4 are used. 5.The Di-haloalkanes having the same type of halogen atoms are named as alkylidene or alkylene dihalides. 6.The Dihalo-compounds having same type of halogen atoms are further classified as geminal halides (halogen atoms are present on the same carbon atom) and vicinal halides (halogen atoms are present on the adjacent carbon atoms) 7.In common name system, gem-dihalides are named as alkylidene halides and Vic-dihalides are named as alkylene dihalides. 8.In IUPAC system, they are named as Di-haloalkanes.
Pre-Requisites:
Elements, bond, nomenclature
Activity:
1. Synthetic halogen compounds, viz. 2. Chloroquine is used for the treatment of malaria. 3. Halothane is used as an anesthetic during surgery.
Real Life Question:
What are haloarenes and haloalkanes ?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| Haloalkanes | Haloalkanes contain halogen atom(s) attached to the sp3 hybridized carbon atom of an alkyl group. |
| Haloarenes | Haloarenes contain halogen atom(s) attached to sp2 hybridized carbon atom(s) of an aryl group. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| chloramphenicol | Chlorine containing antibiotic, chloramphenicol, produced by soil microorganisms is very effective for the treatment of typhoid fever. |
Real life uses :
1. Synthetic halogen compounds, viz. 2. Chloroquine is used for the treatment of malaria. 3. Halothane is used as an anesthetic during surgery.
Places to visit :
pharmacy
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| chloroquine | chloroquine is used for the treatment of malaria. |
| halothane | halothane is used as an anesthetic during surgery. |
What you learn in Theory:
1.The common names of alkyl halides are derived by naming the alkyl group followed by the halide. 2. Alkyl halides are named as halo-substituted hydrocarbons in the IUPAC system of nomenclature. 3. Haloarenes are the common as well as IUPAC names of aryl halides. 4.For dihalogen derivatives, the prefixes o-, m-, p- are used in common system but in IUPAC system, the numerals 1,2; 1,3 and 1,4 are used. 5.The Di-haloalkanes having the same type of halogen atoms are named as alkylidene or alkylene dihalides. 6.The Dihalo-compounds having same type of halogen atoms are further classified as geminal halides (halogen atoms are present on the same carbon atom) and vicinal halides (halogen atoms are present on the adjacent carbon atoms) 7.In common name system, gem-dihalides are named as alkylidene halides and Vic-dihalides are named as alkylene dihalides. 8.In IUPAC system, they are named as Di-haloalkanes.
What you learn in Practice:
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are classified based on the number of halogen compounds contained in them