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Methods Of Preparation Of Carboxylic Acids
Chapter Name : Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids
Sub Topic Code : 102_12_12_07_03
Topic Name : Methods Of Preparation Of Carboxylic Acids
Sub Topic Name : From Nitriles And Amides
Introduction

A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. It is common to several classes of organic compounds, as part of many larger functional groups.

Pre-Requisites:

Carbonyl group

Activity:

Ketones.

Real Life Question:

What is Carbonyl group?

Key Words / FlashCards
Key Words Definitions (pref. in our own words)
Carbonyl group A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O.
Learning aids / Gadgets
Gadgets How it can be used
Alcohols Alcohols (R-OH) take the suffix "-ol" with an infix numerical bonding position: CH3CH2CH2OH is propan-1-ol. The suffixes -diol, -triol, -tetraol, etc., are used for multiple -OH groups: Ethylene glycol CH2OHCH2OH is ethane-1, 2-diol.
Real life uses :

Study the nature of chemicals.

Places to visit :

Chemistry laboratory.

Practical examples around us
Examples Explainations
ketones In general ketones (R-CO-R) take the suffix "-one" (pronounced own, not won) with an infix position number: CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is pentan-2-one. If a higher precedence suffix is in use, the prefix "oxo-" is used: CH3CH2CH2COCH2CHO is 3-oxohexanal.
What you learn in Theory:

Carboxylic acids can also be obtained by the hydrolysis of nitriles, esters, or amides, generally with acid- or base-catalysis.

What you learn in Practice:

Benzoic acid from toluene and terephthalic acid from para-xylene, and phthalic acid from ortho-xylene are illustrative large-scale conversions.

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