Chemical Properties
Chapter Name : Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids |
Sub Topic Code : 102_12_12_04_01 |
Topic Name : Chemical Properties |
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Sub Topic Name : Nucleophilic Addition Reactions |
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Introduction
Nucleophilic addition reactions are an important class of reactions that allow the interconversion of C=O into a range of important functional groups.
Pre-Requisites:
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Activity:
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Real Life Question:
What are Aldehydes?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| Aldehydes and ketones | Aldehydes and ketones are simple compounds which contain a carbonyl group - a carbon-oxygen double bond. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Aldehydes and Ketones | Aldehydes and ketones are widespread in nature, often combined with other functional groups. |
Real life uses :
Study the nature of chemicals.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| ketones | In general ketones (R-CO-R) take the suffix "-one" (pronounced own, not won) with an infix position number: CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is pentan-2-one. If a higher precedence suffix is in use, the prefix "oxo-" is used: CH3CH2CH2COCH2CHO is 3-oxohexanal. |
What you learn in Theory:
A nucleophile, Nu-, is an electron rich species that will react with an electron poor species (here the C=O). An addition implies that two systems combine to a single entity.
What you learn in Practice:
There are three fundamental events in a nucleophilic addition reaction: 1. formation of the new s bond between the nucleophile, Nu, to the electrophilic C of the C=O group 2. breaking of the p bond to the O resulting in the formation of an intermediate alkoxide 3. protonation of the intermediate alkoxide to give an alcohol derivative