Preparation Of Aldehydes And Ketones
Chapter Name : Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids |
Sub Topic Code : 102_12_12_02_05 |
Topic Name : Preparation Of Aldehydes And Ketones |
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Sub Topic Name : Preparation Of Aldehydes From Nitriles And Esters |
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Introduction
Aldehydes and ketones are widespread in nature, often combined with other functional groups.
Pre-Requisites:
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Activity:
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Real Life Question:
What are Aldehydes?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| Aldehydes | An organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group, with the structure R-CHO, consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Aldehydes and Ketones | Aldehydes and ketones are widespread in nature, often combined with other functional groups. |
Real life uses :
Study the nature of chemicals.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| ketones | In general ketones (R-CO-R) take the suffix "-one" (pronounced own, not won) with an infix position number: CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is pentan-2-one. If a higher precedence suffix is in use, the prefix "oxo-" is used: CH3CH2CH2COCH2CHO is 3-oxohexanal. |
What you learn in Theory:
The mechanism of the reactions is very similar to the mechanism for the reduction of acyl chlorides by LATB—H. The first step is an acid-base reaction between an unshared electron pair on oxygen or nitrogen with the aluminum atom of the DIBAL—H. The second step is the transfer of a hydride ion from the DIBAL—H to the carbon atom of the carbonyl or nitrile group. The last step is the hydrolysis of the aluminum complex to form the aldehyde.
What you learn in Practice:
Low temperature is very crucial for aldehyde conversion otherwise you may end getting an alcohol (over reduced).