Nomenclature And Structure Of Carbonyl Group
Chapter Name : Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids |
Sub Topic Code : 102_12_12_01_01 |
Topic Name : Nomenclature And Structure Of Carbonyl Group |
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Sub Topic Name : Nomenclature Of Aldehydes And Ketones |
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Introduction
The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
Pre-Requisites:
Carbonyl group
Activity:
Ketones.
Real Life Question:
What is Carbonyl group?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| Carbonyl group | A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Alcohols | Alcohols (R-OH) take the suffix "-ol" with an infix numerical bonding position: CH3CH2CH2OH is propan-1-ol. The suffixes -diol, -triol, -tetraol, etc., are used for multiple -OH groups: Ethylene glycol CH2OHCH2OH is ethane-1, 2-diol. |
Real life uses :
Study the nature of chemicals.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| ketones | In general ketones (R-CO-R) take the suffix "-one" (pronounced own, not won) with an infix position number: CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is pentan-2-one. If a higher precedence suffix is in use, the prefix "oxo-" is used: CH3CH2CH2COCH2CHO is 3-oxohexanal. |
What you learn in Theory:
The carbonyl group is the highest ranking functional group, and therefore will be the lowest possibly numbered constituent. Aldehydes are higher ranking than ketones.
What you learn in Practice:
The smallest ketone, propanone, is commonly referred to as acetone. Aromatic ketones are aryl-substituted alkanones. If the ketone is present in the ring, then the compound is referred to as a cycloalkanone.