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Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter Name : Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_04_08_05
Topic Name : Molecular Orbital Theory
Sub Topic Name : Energy Level Diagram For Molecular Orbitals
Introduction

• Molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules are of 3 types: 1. Sigma, 2. Pi and 3. Delta • Sigma bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals are symmetric along the bonding molecular plane while pi molecular orbitals are not. • The 2s and 2p atomic orbitals (eight atomic orbitals on two atoms) give rise to the eight molecular orbitals.

Pre-Requisites:

Covalent bond, polyatomic molecule , atomic and molecular orbital

Activity:

Many things in nature are symmetrical e.g. insects, leaves.

Real Life Question:

Why are things having symmetry?

Key Words / FlashCards
Key Words Definitions (pref. in our own words)
Molecular orbital Orbitals formed when atomic orbitals combine by hybridisation.
Learning aids / Gadgets
Gadgets How it can be used
Square piece of paper, circular piece of paper, Fold the papers and see whether they are symmetrical or not.
Real life uses :

Symmetry helps to group things.

Places to visit :

Zoo, garden.

Practical examples around us
Examples Explainations
Leaves, insects Notice the symmetry in the structure of things for ex: leaves and insects about a single plain or more than one plain.
What you learn in Theory:

Molecular orbitals are of three types: sigma, pi and delta. The energy levels of molecular orbitals have been determined experimentally from spectroscopic data for homonuclear diatomic molecules of second row elements of the periodic table.

What you learn in Practice:

Similar energies are important for atomic orbitals to combine.

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