Chapter Name : The P- Block Elements |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_11_07_01 |
Topic Name : Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Carbon |
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Sub Topic Name : Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Carbon |
• Carbon shows anomalous behavior due to its smaller size, higher electronegativity, higher ionisation enthalpy and unavailability of d orbitals. • In carbon only s and p orbitals are available for bonding and, therefore, it can accommodate only four pairs of electrons around it. • Maximum covalence is four whereas other members can expand their covalence due to the presence of d orbitals. • Carbon also has unique ability to form p?– p? multiple bonds with itself and with other atoms of small size and high electronegativity. • Example: C=C, C ? C, C = O, C = S, and C ? N. • Heavier elements do not form p?– p? bonds because their atomic orbitals are too large and diffuse to have effective overlapping.
Elements, periodic table, Group
• Group 14 has carbon, silicon which is found in the earth’s crust. • Carbon dating is done by using the C-14 isotope.
What is carbon used for?
Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
---|---|
P block elements | Have the last electron in the outermost p orbital. |
Gadgets | How it can be used |
---|---|
Glass, cement, coal | Glass and cement have silicon in it, coal has carbon in it. |
• Carbon is found in every living tissue. • Silicon is used to make glass and cement.
Chemistry lab, kitchen.
Examples | Explainations |
---|---|
Cement | Cement has silicon in it. |
• Carbon shows anomalous behavior due to its smaller size, higher electronegativity, higher ionisation enthalpy and unavailability of d orbitals. • In carbon only s and p orbitals are available for bonding and, therefore, it can accommodate only four pairs of electrons around it. • Maximum covalence is four whereas other members can expand their covalence due to the presence of d orbitals. • Carbon also has unique ability to form p?– p? multiple bonds with itself and with other atoms of small size and high electronegativity. • Example: C=C, C ? C, C = O, C = S, and C ? N. • Heavier elements do not form p?– p? bonds because their atomic orbitals are too large and diffuse to have effective overlapping.
• Group 14 has carbon, silicon which is found in the earth’s crust. • Carbon dating is done by using the C-14 isotope.
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