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Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Carbon
Chapter Name : The P- Block Elements
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_11_07_01
Topic Name : Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Carbon
Sub Topic Name : Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Carbon
Introduction

• Carbon shows anomalous behavior due to its smaller size, higher electronegativity, higher ionisation enthalpy and unavailability of d orbitals. • In carbon only s and p orbitals are available for bonding and, therefore, it can accommodate only four pairs of electrons around it. • Maximum covalence is four whereas other members can expand their covalence due to the presence of d orbitals. • Carbon also has unique ability to form p?– p? multiple bonds with itself and with other atoms of small size and high electronegativity. • Example: C=C, C ? C, C = O, C = S, and C ? N. • Heavier elements do not form p?– p? bonds because their atomic orbitals are too large and diffuse to have effective overlapping.

Pre-Requisites:

Elements, periodic table, Group

Activity:

• Group 14 has carbon, silicon which is found in the earth’s crust. • Carbon dating is done by using the C-14 isotope.

Real Life Question:

What is carbon used for?

Key Words / FlashCards
Key Words Definitions (pref. in our own words)
P block elements Have the last electron in the outermost p orbital.
Learning aids / Gadgets
Gadgets How it can be used
Glass, cement, coal Glass and cement have silicon in it, coal has carbon in it.
Real life uses :

• Carbon is found in every living tissue. • Silicon is used to make glass and cement.

Places to visit :

Chemistry lab, kitchen.

Practical examples around us
Examples Explainations
Cement Cement has silicon in it.
What you learn in Theory:

• Carbon shows anomalous behavior due to its smaller size, higher electronegativity, higher ionisation enthalpy and unavailability of d orbitals. • In carbon only s and p orbitals are available for bonding and, therefore, it can accommodate only four pairs of electrons around it. • Maximum covalence is four whereas other members can expand their covalence due to the presence of d orbitals. • Carbon also has unique ability to form p?– p? multiple bonds with itself and with other atoms of small size and high electronegativity. • Example: C=C, C ? C, C = O, C = S, and C ? N. • Heavier elements do not form p?– p? bonds because their atomic orbitals are too large and diffuse to have effective overlapping.

What you learn in Practice:

• Group 14 has carbon, silicon which is found in the earth’s crust. • Carbon dating is done by using the C-14 isotope.

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