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Hybridization
Chapter Name : Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_04_07_04
Topic Name : Hybridization
Sub Topic Name : Hybridization Of Elements Involving D Orbitals
Introduction

• The elements present in the third period contain d orbitals in addition to s and p orbitals. • Possible hybridisation is between either 3s, 3p and 3d or 3d, 4s and 4p due o similar energies. • Sp3d hybridization is found in PCl5 molecule. It is trigonal bypyramidal in shape • Sp3d2 hybridisation is found in SF6 molecule. It is octahedral in shape.

Pre-Requisites:

Covalent bond, polyatomic molecule , orbital

Activity:

Hybrids for example (animals, plants) are mixture of two or more individual types.

Real Life Question:

How do hybrids form?

Key Words / FlashCards
Key Words Definitions (pref. in our own words)
Hybridisation Process of intermixing of the orbitals.
Learning aids / Gadgets
Gadgets How it can be used
Ball, dumbbell A ball is similar to an s orbital and a dumb bell is like p orbital of atoms.
Real life uses :

Hybridisation gives rise to new types or varieties.

Places to visit :

Zoo, garden, gym.

Practical examples around us
Examples Explainations
Mule Mule is a hybrid of a horse and a donkey.
What you learn in Theory:

Different types of hybridization give different geometries of polyatomic molecules.

What you learn in Practice:

Hybridisation is intermixing.

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