Introduction
Chapter Name : The P- Block Elements |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_11_01_01 |
Topic Name : Introduction |
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Sub Topic Name : Introduction |
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Introduction
• In p-block elements the last electron enters the outermost p orbital. • Since the number of p orbitals is three and, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals is six, therefore there are six groups of p–block elements in the periodic table numbering from 13 to 18. • Boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and helium head the groups. • Their valence shell electronic configuration is ns2np1-6 (except for He). • Consequently, a lot of variation in properties of elements in a group of p-block is observed due to difference in the electronic configuration of the inner core. • The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to the total number of valence electrons (i.e., the sum of the sand p-electrons) • The number of possible oxidation states increases towards the right of the periodic table. • It is interesting to note that the non-metals and metalloids exist only in the p-block of the periodic table. • The non-metallic character of elements decreases down the group. • Non-metal oxides are acidic or neutral • Metal oxides are basic.
Pre-Requisites:
elements, periodic table
Activity:
• P block elements contain both metals, non metals and metalloids.
Real Life Question:
What are the p-block elements?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| P block elements | Have the last electron in the outermost p orbital. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Periodic table | Look at Groups 13-17 in the periodic table. |
Real life uses :
• P block metals, such as aluminium are used to make utensils • P block non metals like chlorine is used as a disinfectant • P block inert gases such as helium are used in balloons.
Places to visit :
Chemistry lab.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| Aluminium | Aluminium belongs to the p block elements. |
What you learn in Theory:
• In p-block elements the last electron enters the outermost p orbital. • Since the number of p orbitals is three and, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals is six, therefore there are six groups of p–block elements in the periodic table numbering from 13 to 18. • Boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and helium head the groups. • Their valence shell electronic configuration is ns2np1-6 (except for He). • Consequently, a lot of variation in properties of elements in a group of p-block is observed due to difference in the electronic configuration of the inner core. • The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to the total number of valence electrons (i.e., the sum of the sand p-electrons) • The number of possible oxidation states increases towards the right of the periodic table. • It is interesting to note that the non-metals and metalloids exist only in the p-block of the periodic table. • The non-metallic character of elements decreases down the group. • Non-metal oxides are acidic or neutral • Metal oxides are basic.
What you learn in Practice:
P block of the periodic table contains many important elements.