Alkanes
Chapter Name : Hydrocarbons |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_13_02_04 |
Topic Name : Alkanes |
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Sub Topic Name : Preparation From Alkyl Halides |
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Introduction
Alkyl Halides are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names.
Pre-Requisites:
Alkyl Halides
Activity:
Fire extinguishers.
Real Life Question:
What are methods of preparation of alkyl halides?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| haloalkanes | Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Refrigerant | A substance used in a heat cycle usually including, for enhanced efficiency, a reversible phase transition from a liquid to a gas. |
Real life uses :
They are widely used as synthon equivalents to alkyl cation (R+) in organic synthesis. They can also participate in a wide variety of other organic reactions.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| Methyl bromide | Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. |
What you learn in Theory:
They are reactive towards nucleophiles. They are polar molecules: the carbon to which the halogen is attached is slightly electropositive where the halogen is slightly electronegative. This results in an electron deficient (electrophilic) carbon which, inevitably, attracts nucleophiles.
What you learn in Practice:
They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishers, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals.