Alkanes
Chapter Name : Hydrocarbons |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_13_02_02 |
Topic Name : Alkanes |
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Sub Topic Name : Nomenclature And Isomerism |
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Introduction
Hydrocarbons which contain only single bonds are called alkanes. They are called saturated hydrocarbons because there is a hydrogen in every possible location. This gives them a general formula CnH2n+2.
Pre-Requisites:
Alkanes
Activity:
Kerosene.
Real Life Question:
What is the full form of IUPAC nomenclature?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| Isomerism | Alkanes with more than three carbon atoms can be arranged in various different ways, forming structural isomers. The simplest isomer of an alkane is the one in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a single chain with no branches. This isomer is sometimes called the n-isomer. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Gasoline | A mixture of alkanes from pentane up to about decane. |
Real life uses :
Used mainly for heating and cooking purposes.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| methyl | A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3. |
What you learn in Theory:
It is difficult or impossible to find compounds with more than one IUPAC name. This is because shorter chains attached to longer chains are prefixes and the convention includes brackets. Numbers in the name, referring to which carbon a group is attached to, should be as low as possible, so that 1- is implied and usually omitted from names of organic compounds with only one side-group.
What you learn in Practice:
Alkanes do not conduct electricity, nor are they substantially polarized by an electric field.