Chapter Name : Hydrocarbons |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_13_04_09 |
Topic Name : Alkynes |
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Sub Topic Name : Polymerization |
Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. [1][2][3] There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them.
Polymerization
Polymer.
What is polymerization?
Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
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Alkynes | Alkynes are generally nonpolar molecules with little solubility in polar solvents, such as water. Solubility in nonpolar solvents, such as ether and acetone, is extensive. Like the alkanes and alkenes, alkynes of four or fewer carbon atoms tend to be gases. |
Gadgets | How it can be used |
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Alkynes | Alkynes are generally nonpolar molecules with little solubility in polar solvents, such as water. |
In condensation polymerization, growth of the polymer advances stepwise—monomers having reactive functional groups combine into larger molecules with their own functional groups; each reaction splits off a small molecule, often water, as a by-product.
Chemistry laboratory.
Examples | Explainations |
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ethyne | The chemical compound with the formula C2H2. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities. |
In chemical compounds, polymerization occurs via a variety of reaction mechanisms that vary in complexity due to functional groups present in reacting compounds and their inherent steric effects. In more straightforward polymerization, alkenes, which are relatively stable due to bonding between carbon atoms, form polymers through relatively simple radical reactions; in contrast, more complex reactions such as those that involve substitution at the carbonyl group require more complex synthesis due to the way in which reacting molecules polymerize.
Chain-growth polymerization (or addition polymerization) involves the linking together of molecules incorporating double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. These unsaturated monomers (the identical molecules that make up the polymers) have extra internal bonds that are able to break and link up with other monomers to form a repeating chain, whose backbone typically contains only carbon atoms. Chain-growth polymerization is involved in the manufacture of polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A special case of chain-growth polymerization leads to living polymerization.
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