Alkanes
Chapter Name : Hydrocarbons |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_13_02_08 |
Topic Name : Alkanes |
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Sub Topic Name : Substitution Reactions |
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Introduction
A functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.
Pre-Requisites:
substitution reaction
Activity:
Crude oil.
Real Life Question:
What is substitution reaction?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| nucleophilic substitution reactions | a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction. All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition Lewis bases. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| liquefied petroleum gas | A flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. |
Real life uses :
They are the main components of natural gas; they are normally stored as gases under pressure.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| natural gas | A naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and even a lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide. |
What you learn in Theory:
Substituted compounds are chemical compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms of a core structure have been replaced with a functional group like alkyl, hydroxy, or halogen. For example benzene is a simple aromatic ring and substituted benzenes are a heterogeneous group of chemicals with a wide spectrum of uses and properties.
What you learn in Practice:
When released in the environment, alkanes don't undergo rapid biodegradation, because they have no functional groups (like hydroxyl or carbonyl) that are needed by most organisms in order to metabolize the compound.