Fundamental Concepts In Organic Reaction Mechanism
Chapter Name : Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles And Techniques |
Sub Topic Code : 102_11_12_07_05 |
Topic Name : Fundamental Concepts In Organic Reaction Mechanism |
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Sub Topic Name : Inductive Effect |
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Introduction
Organic chemistry is a chemistry sub discipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
Pre-Requisites:
Organic chemistry
Activity:
Aromatic compounds.
Real Life Question:
What is organic chemistry?
Key Words / FlashCards
| Key Words | Definitions (pref. in our own words) |
|---|---|
| Inductive Effect | The 'Inductive Effect' is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule. |
Learning aids / Gadgets
| Gadgets | How it can be used |
|---|---|
| Alcohols | Alcohols (R-OH) take the suffix "-ol" with an infix numerical bonding position: CH3CH2CH2OH is propan-1-ol. The suffixes -diol, -triol, -tetraol, etc., are used for multiple -OH groups: Ethylene glycol CH2OHCH2OH is ethane-1, 2-diol. |
Real life uses :
Study the nature of chemicals.
Places to visit :
Chemistry laboratory.
Practical examples around us
| Examples | Explainations |
|---|---|
| ketones | In general ketones (R-CO-R) take the suffix "-one" with an infix position number: CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is pentan-2-one. If a higher precedence suffix is in use, the prefix "oxo-" is used: CH3CH2CH2COCH2CHO is 3-oxohexanal. |
What you learn in Theory:
The 'inductive Effect' is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule. The net polar effect exerted by a substituent is a combination of this inductive effect and the mesmeric effect.
What you learn in Practice:
The electron cloud in a ?-bond between two unlike atoms is not uniform and is slightly displaced towards the more electronegative of the two atoms. This causes a permanent state of bond polarization, where the more electronegative atom has a slight negative charge (?–) and the other atom has a slight positive charge (?+).